What is a haiku - and what isn’t?
John J. Dunphy has written a terrific, easy-to-understand primer on what makes a haiku. At least it’s fairly easy to understand….. What do you think?
What Is a Haiku and What Isn’t?
By John J. Dunphy
Godfrey, Ill., haiku poet
www.johndunphy.com
to write a haiku
there is a set formula
one has to follow
My dear Aunt Minnie
loves to bake banana pies
for her family.
sitting on my porch
i contemplate the full moon
in my wisdom quest
What do these three poems have in common? Some erudite readers who didn’t
sleep through high school English will engage in a bit of syllable counting
and suddenly proclaim, “They’re all haiku! The first line of each poem
contains five syllables, the second line has seven syllables and the third
line contains five syllables, for a grand total of just seventeen syllables.
That’s the formula for writing haiku, which is a Japanese type of poetry.”
Well, I’ve got news for you, friends. As far as your high school
introduction to haiku was concerned, you would have been better off catching
a few Z’s like some of your classmates. Your teacher, regardless of his/her
grasp of Shakespeare and Chaucer, didn’t know beans about haiku. “Haiku”
example 1, cited above, fails on two counts: (a) it’s wrong about haiku
having a set formula one has to follow and (b) the poem itself, despite the
5-7-5 syllable count, isn’t even a haiku.
While many early English-language haiku poets indeed wrote in the 5-7-5
style, modern haiku poets have pretty much discarded that format. We
believe that it tends to make a haiku too wordy and stilted-sounding. A
genuine haiku is characterized by a freshness and spontaneity that simply
can’t be conveyed by strait-jacketing its expression.
A declarative sentence that has been chopped up into a 5-7-5 format, such as
example 2, is not a haiku! Does a rambunctious fan who jumps into the
playing field of Busch Stadium during a game automatically become a
Cardinal? Of course not — No more than a three-line sentence written 5-7-5
automatically qualifies as a haiku. Pseudo-mysticism, as embodied in
example 3, doesn’t make the cut either. A haiku should not sound like a
line of dialogue from the old “Kung Fu” TV series.
Real haiku nonetheless usually are written in three lines, and traditionally
deal with nature.
the blood-red dawn
duck hunters crouch
behind a blind
cemetery
wind sweeps a floral wreath
into the paupers’ section
dawn
a beachball
leaving with the tide
VA hospital
a tree in the courtyard
scarred by lightning
A senryu is a three-line poem that is similar to a haiku. Senryu deals
with the foibles of human nature in a humorous or satirical manner.
wet footprints
in a U-turn
on the diving board
school restroom
the English teacher corrects
the misspelled graffiti
class reunion
the ex-football team captain’s date
handsome in his tux
New Year’s Day
my champagne glass bubbling
with Alka-Seltzer
Please note that the preceding senryu are written in three lines, yet
there’s nary a 5-7-5 format in sight. But check out the following poems.
IRS audit
examiner keeps chuckling
without looking up
emergency room
parents tell their child to say
he fell down the stairs
during the campaign
even his sign in my yard
leaning to the right
her suicide note
she checks the dictionary
for correct spelling
There it is - that classical 5-7-5 style that I’ve been telling you to
erase from your memory banks. And all four were published in reputable
English-language haiku journals, no less. So what’s going on here?
It is permissable to write a 5-7-5 haiku or senryu, as long as the
spontaneity of the poem isn’t compromised. Does the poem really work best
when written that way? Then write it that way.
I urge you to check out the web site of the Haiku Society of America at
www.hsa-haiku.org to learn more about haiku. Frogpond, the official journal
of the Haiku Society of America, and Modern Haiku, the oldest
English-language haiku journal in continuous existence, should be required
reading for anyone seriously interested in haiku. A plethora of other
haiku periodicals exist that also merit perusual. Get to know
real haiku by subscribing to journals that publish the stuff.
Oh, one last thing. If you just know that the plural of haiku is haiku -
not haikus — that alone will put you literary light-years ahead of the
general public.
_____________________________________
NOTE: All poems in this essay were written by the author and have been
published in various haiku journals…..except the three examples of
pseudo-haiku, of course. If you’ve seen “poems” like those in print, you
can rest assured that the periodical’s editor knew as much about haiku as
Ed Wood knew about film-making.


At last a funny AND correct article on haiku!
A big thank you to Jane Henderson for publishing a well-respected, and regularly published, haiku poet’s article.
Kudos to John (and Jane) for making this article very funny while showing how haiku really is. Haiku was and still is not an ancient form of poetry because it’s been constantly practiced since the days of Basho, and since the early 20th Western, and other non-Japanese poets have been regularly writing haiku.
Now I know a lot of teachers get it utterly wrong, and will even bring in some terrible book on bad haiku, but children and young people, be kind to them, and just get your parents to consider buying (or get out of the library) a copy of Bill Higginson’s “The Haiku Handbook” which also contains useful and easy school exercises in writing haiku.
all my very best,
Alan
“With Words”