Getting people to work past 62
Many discussions about fixing the Social Security system focus on pushing back the system’s “normal” retirement age, which ranges from 65 to 67. But half of all retirees begin collecting benefits at age 62, the earliest payout the system allows. A new study, by Boston College’s Center for Retirement Research, asks what would happen if we pushed back that “early” retirement age.
After all, the study notes, life expectancy has increased considerably since 1961, when the 62-and-out payments became available to all workers. If that was an optimal early-retirement age back then, what would be the comparable age now?
… as a rough approximation, the relationship between retirement and work can be thought of as one year in retirement for every two years working (e.g., 20 years in retirement following 40 years of work). Assuming that this balance is maintained as life expectancy increases, Social Security’s early retirement age could be raised in tandem. For example, using 1961 as the starting point, the early retirement age could be raised from 62 years to 63.5 years without making any major race-gender group worse off.
Jobs in general have become less physically demanding over the past four decades, and that is another argument for keeping people in the work force longer. But how do you accommodate people who still do strenuous work and are becoming too frail for it? The researchers suggest one possibility: In tandem with raising the early-retirement age, Social Security could make it easier for older workers to qualify for disability.



David Nicklaus has covered St. Louis business for more than 25 years. His column appears three days a week on the Post-Dispatch business page.
I conducted my own “net present value” analysis of the value of taking “early” benefits versus benefits at “normal” retirement age, four years later. Assuming that inflation will be about 3% per year (with Social Security benefits increased accordingly) and that my after-tax return on investments will average 5%, I would need to live well into my 80s to gain by waiting to take my benefits. Even if I live that long, by then I doubt that the modest additional income will improve my quality of life very much.
If I had conducted the analysis incorporating actuarial data (i.e., reducing the value of future benefits by the probability that I will die and not receive them) then the case for taking benefits immediately would have been even more apparent.
What this says is that people who take early benefits, on average, gain more than those who take later benefits. So, either pushing up the age of early benefits or further reducing the relative size of those early benefits would tend to equalize things. It would also provide an incentive for people to work longer — which is really the only fundamental, sustainable solution to the problem of the economy being able to support retirees at a comfortable standard of living.