Your child is sleeping more than usual. Your teen is withdrawn and doesn't spend as much time with family as before. While these signs can seem like typical teenager behavior, they also can mean depression. Depression is not restricted to adults and is very common among children and teens.

According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, depression is defined as an illness when the feelings of depression persist and interfere with a child or adolescent's ability to function. Most of the time, fleeting blues get better after a few days. It is when changes in mood and behavior persist that depression becomes a concern.

The statistics on depression are staggering. According to the U.S. Center for Mental Health Services:

As many as one in every 33 children and one in eight adolescents may have depression.

Once a young person has experienced a major depression, he or she is at risk of developing another depression within the next five years.

Two in three children with mental health problems do not get the help they need.

The risk of depression in children is higher when there is family history. But even if you know an adult who suffers from depression, be aware because the behavior in depressed children and teens differs from that of depressed adults. You should talk with a doctor if you notice your child:

• Is sad, tearful and overly sensitive with very little or no provocation.

• Withdraws from friends and spends more time alone.

• Loses interest in activities that were previously interesting.

• Changes eating and sleeping patterns.

• Declines academically.

• Has poor self-esteem or guilt.

• Complains frequently of physical ailments, such as headaches and stomachaches.

• Lacks enthusiasm, energy or motivation.

• Abuses drugs and/or alcohol.

While depression sometimes improves spontaneously, it also can become so severe that thoughts and talk of suicide emerge and cannot be taken lightly. Early diagnosis and intervention is important for youth with depression. If you are concerned about your child, call a pediatrician, who will make recommendations such as referrals to a counselor or therapist for individual therapy. This will allow children to talk about their stressors and learn strategies to appropriately cope with their emotions, feelings and behavior. It is only in extreme situations that medications may be needed.

Dr. Duru Sakhrani is medical director for child and adolescent inpatient psychiatry at St. John's Mercy Children's Hospital. Visit stjohnsmercychildrenshospital.org or call 314-364-4258.